EDS | Ab Intra Wellness

I. History of EDS

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome was first described by Edvard Ehlers in 1901 and later by Henri-Alexandre Danlos in 1908.
Over the years, the understanding of EDS has evolved, and multiple subtypes have been identified.

II. Types of EDS

The current classification system recognizes several subtypes of EDS, including:

Classical EDS (cEDS):
- Characterized by skin hyperextensibility, joint hypermobility, and tissue fragility.
- Skin is often smooth, soft, and velvety with easy bruising.
- Joint hypermobility may be present, but it is typically less pronounced than in hypermobility EDS.

Hypermobility EDS (hEDS):
- The most common subtype, primarily affecting joint hypermobility.
- Individuals may experience chronic joint pain, joint dislocations, and soft tissue injuries.
- Other symptoms may include skin involvement (hyperelasticity, stretch marks) and gastrointestinal issues.

Vascular EDS (vEDS):
- The most severe and potentially life-threatening subtype.
- Characterized by fragile blood vessels and connective tissue, leading to arterial and organ ruptures.
- Individuals often have thin, translucent skin, easy bruising, and characteristic facial features.

Kyphoscoliotic EDS (kEDS):
- Characterized by severe hypotonia (low muscle tone) at birth and progressive scoliosis.
- Joint hypermobility, fragile skin, and easy bruising are also present.
- Muscular weakness and respiratory issues may occur.

Arthrochalasia EDS (aEDS):
- Characterized by severe joint hypermobility, congenital hip dislocation, and joint deformities.
- Skin hyperextensibility and tissue fragility are also present.

Two types of aEDS exist, each caused by different gene mutations:

Dermatosparaxis EDS (dEDS):
- Characterized by extremely fragile, sagging skin that is highly prone to tearing and bruising.
- Joint hypermobility and joint dislocations are common.
- Other symptoms may include hernias and organ prolapse.

Other rare types:
- There are several other rare types of EDS, each with its own specific features and genetic mutations.
  - Examples include the rare cardiac-valvular EDS, spondylodysplastic EDS, and musculocontractural EDS.

III. Diagnosis of EDS

The diagnosis of EDS is primarily based on clinical evaluation and family history.
The diagnostic criteria for each subtype are defined by specific clinical features, genetic testing, and exclusion of other connective tissue disorders.
The 2017 International Classification of EDS provides detailed diagnostic criteria for each subtype.

IV. Statistics and Correlations

The prevalence of EDS varies depending on the subtype, ranging from approximately 1 in 5,000 to 1 in 200,000 individuals.
EDS affects individuals of all racial and ethnic backgrounds.
Some subtypes, such as vEDS, have a higher risk of life-threatening complications.

V. Medical Treatment for EDS

Treatment for EDS focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications.
Pain management with medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or opioids, may be prescribed.
Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and assistive devices can help manage joint instability and improve functionality.
Surgical interventions may be necessary for specific complications, such as joint dislocations or vascular issues.

VI. Holistic Treatment for EDS

Holistic approaches can complement medical treatment for EDS and may include:
- Gentle exercises and physical activities tailored to individual capabilities
- Nutritional support, including a well-balanced diet and supplementation if needed
- Mind-body practices, such as mindfulness, meditation, and stress management techniques
- Complementary therapies like acupuncture, chiropractic care, or massage therapy

It's important to note that treatment for EDS should be individualized based on the subtype and specific symptoms of each person. A multidisciplinary approach involving medical professionals, physical therapists, and other specialists is often beneficial for managing EDS effectively.